Numerous applications, also outside tumor immunology include:
- Localization of phenotypical subsets of tumor cells, i.e., those at invasive front
- Enumeration and localization of adult cancer stem cells
- Visualization of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition process
- Visualization of TME-Metastasis and intravasation process
- Density and spatial information on (subsets of) endothelial cells and fibroblasts
- Detection of signalling pathway activity in tumor and stromal cells
- Detection of proteins expression with respect to cellular compartment
- Detection and assessment of cellular source of various coding and non-coding RNAs
- Detection of gene mutations and methylation status
- Search for response (bio)markers at DNA, RNA, protein or cellular level
- Early detection of tumor precursor cells (linking to prevention studies)